xADL Publications:
Publications

Technical Papers

In addition to this website, we have published several technical papers detailing the development of ArchStudio and associated technologies. ArchStudio-related papers are listed here.

Please note that a comprehensive list of software architecture-related publications, including those listed below, is available at the publications page of the ISR Software Architecture Site.


Supporting Stakeholder-driven, Multi-view Software Architecture Modeling

Eric M. Dashofy
Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Irvine. 2007.

Download PDF

Abstract
A software system's architecture can be seen as the set of principal design decisions about that system. These design decisions can be captured in architectural models. Existing approaches to architecture modeling support general concerns well, but are difficult or impossible to adapt to new concerns or domains. This research examines how to support stakeholder-driven architecture modeling: modeling in a world where the system's stakeholders materially participate in deciding what kinds of design decisions will be modeled and at what level of detail, as well as how they will be visualized, analyzed, and applied in other development activities. Contributions include a highly-extensible language (xADL) and environment (ArchStudio) for stakeholder-driven architecture modeling, a demonstration that many architectural concerns can be modularized within this environment, and a set of design principles that guide and inform the construction of the environment. Application and use of the environment in a variety of domains and projects demonstrates its effectiveness, and evidence indicates that the amount of effort needed to develop extensions to the environment scales with the conceptual complexity of those extensions.


A Comprehensive Approach for the Development of Modular Software Architecture Description Languages

Eric M. Dashofy, André van der Hoek, and Richard N. Taylor
In ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM), 14(2), April 2005, pp. 199-245

Download PDF

Abstract
Research over the past decade has revealed that modeling software architecture at the level of components and connectors is useful in a growing variety of contexts. This has led to the development of a plethora of notations for representing software architectures, each focusing on different aspects of the systems being modeled. In general, these notations have been developed without regard to reuse or extension. This makes the effort in adapting an existing notation to a new purpose commensurate with developing a new notation from scratch. To address this problem, we have developed an approach that allows for the rapid construction of new architecture description languages (ADLs). Our approach is unique because it encapsulates ADL features in modules that are composed to form ADLs. We achieve this by leveraging the extension mechanisms provided by XML and XML schemas. We have defined a set of generic, reusable ADL modules called xADL, useful as an ADL by itself, but also extensible to support new applications and domains. To support this extensibility, we have developed a set of reflective syntax-based tools that adapt to language changes automatically, as well as several semantically-aware tools that provide support for advanced features of xADL. We demonstrate the effectiveness, scalability, and flexibility of our approach through a diverse set of experiences. First, our approach has been applied in industrial contexts, modeling software architectures for aircraft software and spacecraft systems. Second, we show how xADL can be extended to support the modeling features found in two different representations for modeling product-line architectures. Finally, we show how our infrastructure has been used to support its own development. The technical contribution of our infrastructure is augmented by several research contributions: the first decomposition of an architecture description language into modules, insights about how to develop new language modules and a process for integrating them, and insights about the roles of different kinds of tools in a modular ADL-based infrastructure.


An Approach for Tracing and Understanding Asynchronous Architectures

Scott A. Hendrickson, Eric M. Dashofy, and Richard N. Taylor
In Proceedingds of the 18th IEEE International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE 2003). Oct. 6-10, 2003. p. 318-322

Download PDF

Applications built in a strongly decoupled, eventbased interaction style have many commendable characteristics, including ease of dynamic configuration, accommodation of platform heterogeneity, and ease of distribution over a network. It is not always easy to humanly grasp the dynamic behavior of such applications, since many threads are active and events are asynchronously (and profusely) transmitted. We present a set of requirements for an aid to assist in the human understanding and exploration of the behavior of such applications through the incremental refinement of rules for determining causality relationships between messages sent among components. A prototype tool is presented, indicating one viable approach to meeting these requirements. Experience with the tool reinforces some of the requirements and indicates others.


Towards Architecture-based Self-healing Systems

Eric M. Dashofy, André van der Hoek, and Richard N. Taylor
In Proceedings of the 2002 Workshop on Self-Healing Systems (WOSS'02), pp. 21-26

Download PDF

Abstract
Our approach to creating self-healing systems is based on software architecture, where repairs are done at the level of a software system's components and connectors. In our approach, event-based software architectures are targeted because they offer significant benefits for run-time adaptation. Before an automated planning agent can decide how to repair a self-healing system, a significant infrastructure must be in place to support making the planned repair. Specifically, the self-healing system must be built using a framework that allows for run-time adaptation, there must be a language in which to express the repair plan, and there must be a reconfiguration agent that can execute the repair plan once it is created. In this paper, we present tools and methods that implement these infrastructure elements in the context of an overall architecture-based vision for building self-healing systems. The paper concludes with a gap analysis of our current infrastructure vs. the overall vision, and our plans for fulfilling that vision.


An Infrastructure for the Rapid Development of XML-based Architecture Description Languages

Eric M. Dashofy, André van der Hoek, and Richard N. Taylor
In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE2002), Orlando, Florida.

Download PDF

Abstract
Research and experimentation in software architectures over the past decade have yielded a plethora of software architecture description languages (ADLs). Continuing innovation indicates that it is reasonable to expect more new ADLs, or at least ADL features. This research process is impeded by the difficulty and cost associated with developing new notations. An architect in need of a unique set of modeling features must either develop a new architecture description language from scratch or undertake the daunting task of modifying an existing language. In either case, it is unavoidable that a significant effort will be expended in building or adapting tools to support the language. To remedy this situation, we have developed an infrastructure for the rapid development of new architecture description languages. Key aspects of the infrastructure are its XML-based modular extension mechanism, its base set of reusable and customizable architectural modeling constructs, and its equally important set of flexible support tools. This paper introduces the infrastructure and demonstrates its value in the context of several real-world applications.


Issues in Generating Data Bindings for an XML Schema-Based Language

Eric M. Dashofy
In Proceedings of the Workshop on XML Technologies and Software Engineering (XSE2001), Toronto, ONT, Canada.

Download PDF

Abstract
XML's meta-language aspect and extensive tool support make it an attractive way to build modularly extensible modeling languages. XML's original meta-language, the document type definition (DTD), is being replaced by the more expressive XML schema. Developing programmatic tools to manipulate models specified in XML schemas is made easier though the use of data bindings. Data bindings model elements and attributes in XML schemas as objects in an object-oriented programming language. We have developed an XML-schema aware generator for Java data bindings called 'apigen'. While developing apigen, we encountered and worked through several issues, both essential and accidental, related to generating XML schema data bindings. These issues, and the solutions we developed, are described in this paper.


A Highly-Extensible, XML-Based Architecture Description Language

Eric M. Dashofy, André van der Hoek, and Richard N. Taylor
In Proceedings of the Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architectures (WICSA 2001), Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Download PDF

Abstract
Software architecture research focuses on models of software architectures as specified in architecture description languages (ADLs). As research progresses in specific areas of software architectures, more and more architectural information is created. Ideally, this information can be stored in the model. An extensible modeling language is crucial to experimenting with and building tools for novel modeling constructs that arise from evolving research. Traditional ADLs typically support a small set of modeling constructs very well, but adapt to others poorly. XML provides an ideal platform upon which to develop an extensible modeling language for software architectures. Previous XML-based ADLs successfully leveraged XML's large base of off-the-shelf tool support, but did not take advantage of its extensibility. To give software architecture researchers more freedom to explore new possibilities and modeling techniques while maximizing reuse of tools and modeling constructs, we have developed xADL, a highly extensible XML-based ADL. xADL supports run-time and design time modeling, architecture configuration management, and model-based system instantiation. Additionally, xADL has a set of extensible infrastructure tools that support the creation, manipulation, and sharing of xADL documents.


Representing Product Family Architectures in an Extensible Architecture Description Language

Eric M. Dashofy and André van der Hoek
In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Product Family Engineering (PFE-4), Bilbao, Spain, October 2001.

Download PDF

Abstract
Product family architectures need to be captured much like "regular" software architectures. Unfortunately, representations for product family architectures are scarce and a deep understanding of all of the necessary features of such representations is still lacking. In this paper, we introduce an extensible XML-based representation that is suitable as a basis for rapidly defining new representations for product family architectures. We describe some of the details of this representation and present how Koala and Mae, two early representations for product family architectures, can be mapped onto our XML-based representation with relatively little effort.

Contact Us

If you have questions not answered by this website, please feel free to contact the software architectures group at UC Irvine through the ArchStudio developer's (mailman protected) email list at: archstudio-dev [@] uci [.] edu. (Note: You must subscribe to the mail list before you can post to it.)

Portions of this site Copyright © The Regents of the University of California. All Rights Reserved Worldwide. The development of ArchStudio was initially funded by the DARPA DASADA (Dynamic Assembly for Systems Adaptability, Dependability, and Assurance) program. The site now includes results from projects supported in part by National Science Foundation grants IIS-0205724 and CCF-0430066, The Boeing Company, and IBM.

Site Meter